One of the most fundamental aspects in object-oriented programming is the concept of data structures.
To put simply, a data structure is a mechanism for a computer to organise data in a way that allows it to be processed efficiently. Trees, stacks, and other data structures all have special characteristics of their own.
Data can be arranged hierarchically using trees. Compared to linear data structures including linked lists or arrays, similar data structures are quite unique. A tree is made up of information-carrying nodes.
In programming, a binary tree is a structure with two offspring. As a result, a binary tree node can only have a certain number of offspring, such as zero, one, or two.
A binary tree is a crucial data structure that may help us create intricate programmes and solve challenging challenges.
If you are seeking a position as a software engineer or a Java developer t, your interviewer may ask you questions centred on coding questions on string, binary tree and many other data structures.
Responding to tree interview questions based on binary trees, and similar programs might be challenging for candidates.
Here, we will look at some of the most typical binary tree questions in this article.
About Binary Tree
A binary tree is a type of data structure used in computer science that organises a group of nodes into a hierarchy. It allows for two offspring per node, known as left child as well as the right child and the root node being the highest node.
A binary tree is demonstrated in the following way below:
A
/ \
B C
/ \ \
D E F
The root node in this illustration is A, its children are B and C, and the offspring of B and C are D, E, and F
Binary trees are frequently used in complex algorithms, particularly for searching and sorting, and they have several beneficial characteristics.
The binary tree, for instance, is a typical sort of binary tree that is employed to retain data in a manner that enables quick searching. This topic is one of the most important sections for technical interviews.
Let’s explore in detail.
Top Binary
Tree interview questions & Solutions
On the basis of the binary tree concept, the questions and anticipated responses are listed in the part that follows.
1. Question: What different varieties of binary trees are there?
Answer: There are various varieties of binary trees, such as:
- Binary decision tree: The binary tree either with 0 or 2 offspring at each node.
- Complete binary tree: The binary tree where every level has all of its nodes as far to the left as is possible, with the possible exception of the last level.
- Balanced binary tree:A binary tree that is balanced in height, meaning that the height differences between a node's left and right leaf nodes are no greater than 1, is referred to as a balanced binary tree.
- An unbalanced tree that is either a full binary tree or a complete binary tree is referred to as a degenerate (or pathological) tree.Question: How does a binary tree's height get calculated?
Answer: The quantity of nodes along the critical path from a binary tree's root to its leaf nodes determines the tree's height.
2. Question: What formula is used to determine a node's depth in a binary tree?
Answer: In a binary tree, a node's depth is determined by how many edges are there between it and the root node.
3. Question: What is the distinction between a binary tree's height and depth?
Answer: In contrast to the height of a binary tree, which is determined by the amount of nodes along the longest path connecting the node to the leaf node, the depth of a binary tree is calculated by the sum of all of its edges.
4. Question: How long does it take to search a binary tree for a particular node?
Answer: In a binary tree, where n signifies the number of the tree's nodes the temporal complexity of finding a node is O(n).
5. How does a binary tree get traversed?
Answer: There are three ways to navigate a binary tree:
- Within this traversal, the root is visited first, then the left subtree, and finally the right subtree.
- The Pre-order traversal: The root, left subtree, and right subtree are all visited before the right subtree in this traversal.
- The Post-order traversal: Within this traversal, the subtree on the left, the right subtree, and finally the root are all visited.
6. How do you determine a binary tree's LCA in Java?
Answer: Consider the binary tree's nodes n1 and n2, which are two.
The shared descendant of n1 and n2 that is positioned the furthest away from the root is known as the lowest common ancestor or LCA for n1 and n2.
To locate the LCA, use the approach described below.
a) A path from the root of the tree to n1 should be discovered and stored in an array.
b) Track down a route that leads from root node to node 2 and save it as an array.
c) Continue down both pathways until both arrays contain the same value.
Tips to succeed in Coding Interview Round
Here are some tips that can help you prepare for binary tree interview questions:
- Learn about the fundamental ideas behind binary trees, including their various forms and how time-consuming their operations are.
- Practice carrying out standard binary tree activities including adding a new node, looking for a node, as well as traversing the binary tree in various directions.
- Learn how to control a binary tree, as well as how to balance trees using standard methods like red-black trees as well as AVL trees.
You can use these tips for coding questions on string or any other data structure as well.
Conclusion
If you want to build a strong foundation in programming, it is important that you understand data structures such as binary trees. They will come up time and time again in your coding journey - especially if you are interviewing for a position as a software engineer or Java developer.
While they can be challenging, we hope that this article will give you the confidence to tackle any binary tree interview questions that come your way.
